- 1.7.9 Forge
- What Times 3 Equals 9
- What Times 9 Equals 1
Experiment 1: What is the probability of each outcome when a dime is tossed?
Outcomes: The outcomes of this experiment are head and tail.
Probabilities:
Definition: The sample space of an experiment is the set of all possible outcomes of that experiment.
The sample space of Experiment 1 is: {head, tail}
Experiment 2: A spinner has 4 equal sectors colored yellow, blue, green and red. What is the probability of landing on each color after spinning this spinner?
Sample Space: {yellow, blue, green, red}
Probabilities:
P(yellow) | = | 1 |
4 |
P(blue) | = | 1 |
4 |
P(green) | = | 1 |
4 |
P(red) | = | 1 |
4 |
Experiment 3: What is the probability of each outcome when a single 6-sided die is rolled?
Slope Conversion Tables 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10.
Sample Space: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Probabilities:
P(1) | = | 1 |
6 |
P(2) | = | 1 |
6 |
P(3) | = | 1 |
6 |
P(4) | = | 1 |
6 |
P(5) | = | 1 |
6 |
P(6) | = | 1 |
6 |
- Ratio = 1 in (1 ÷ tan(A)) which equals 1 in (1 ÷ tan(1.7184)) = 1 in (1 ÷.03) = 1 in 33.333. C A L C U L A T O R I N S T R U C T I O N S This calculator computes slope as rise over run (first output row) and slope as rise over slope length (second output row). Let's use some previous calculations as.
- 1: This is a conversion chart for liter (Metric). To switch the unit simply find the one you want on the page and click it. You can also go to the universal conversion page. 2: Enter the value you want to convert (liter). Then click the Convert Me button. Your value gets instantly converted to all other units on the page.
Experiment 4: A glass jar contains 1 red, 3 green, 2 blue and 4 yellow marbles. If a single marble is chosen at random from the jar, what is the probability of each outcome?
Sample Space: {red, green, blue, yellow}
Probabilities:
P(red) | = | 1 |
10 |
P(green) | = | 3 |
10 |
P(blue) | = | 2 | = | 1 |
10 | 5 |
P(yellow) | = | 4 | = | 2 |
10 | 5 |
Summary: The sample space of an experiment is the set of all possible outcomes for that experiment. You may have noticed that for each of the experiments above, the sum of the probabilities of each outcome is 1. This is no coincidence. The sum of the probabilities of the distinct outcomes within a sample space is 1.
The sample space for choosing a single card at random from a deck of 52 playing cards is shown below. There are 52 possible outcomes in this sample space.
The probability of each outcome of this experiment is:
The sum of the probabilities of the distinct outcomes within this sample space is:
Exercises
Directions: Read each question below. Select your answer by clicking on its button. Feedback to your answer is provided in the RESULTS BOX. If you make a mistake, choose a different button.
1. | What is the sample space for choosing an odd number from 1 to 11 at random? |
2. | What is the sample space for choosing a prime number less than 15 at random? |
3. | What is the sample space for choosing 1 jelly bean at random from a jar containing 5 red, 7 blue and 2 green jelly beans? |
4. | What is the sample space for choosing 1 letter at random from 5 vowels? |
5. | What is the sample space for choosing 1 letter at random from the word DIVIDE? |
A matrix, in a mathematical context, is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions that are arranged in rows and columns. Matrices are often used in scientific fields such as physics, computer graphics, probability theory, statistics, calculus, numerical analysis, and more.
The dimensions of a matrix, A, are typically denoted as m × n. This means that A has m rows and n columns. When referring to a specific value in a matrix, called an element, a variable with two subscripts is often used to denote each element based on their position in the matrix. For example, given ai,j, where i = 1 and j = 3, a1,3 is the value of the element in the first row and the third column of the given matrix.
Matrix operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, etc., are similar to what most people are likely accustomed to seeing in basic arithmetic and algebra, but do differ in some ways, and are subject to certain constraints. Below are descriptions of the matrix operations that this calculator can perform.
Matrix addition
Matrix addition can only be performed on matrices of the same size. This means that you can only add matrices if both matrices are m × n. For example, you can add two or more 3 × 3, 1 × 2, or 5 × 4 matrices. You cannot add a 2 × 3 and a 3 × 2 matrix, a 4 × 4 and a 3 × 3, etc. The number of rows and columns of all the matrices being added must exactly match.
If the matrices are the same size, matrix addition is performed by adding the corresponding elements in the matrices. For example, given two matrices, A and B, with elements ai,j, and bi,j, the matrices are added by adding each element, then placing the result in a new matrix, C, in the corresponding position in the matrix:
In the above matrices, a1,1 = 1; a1,2 = 2; b1,1 = 5; b1,2 = 6; etc. We add the corresponding elements to obtain ci,j. Adding the values in the corresponding rows and columns:
a1,1 + b1,1 = 1 + 5 = 6 = c1,1 |
a1,2 + b1,2 = 2 + 6 = 8 = c1,2 |
a2,1 + b2,1 = 3 + 7 = 10 = c2,1 |
a2,2 + b2,2 = 4 + 8 = 12 = c2,2 |
Thus, matrix C is:
Matrix subtraction
Matrix subtraction is performed in much the same way as matrix addition, described above, with the exception that the values are subtracted rather than added. If necessary, refer to the information and examples above for description of notation used in the example below. Like matrix addition, the matrices being subtracted must be the same size. If the matrices are the same size, then matrix subtraction is performed by subtracting the elements in the corresponding rows and columns:
a1,1 - b1,1 = 1 - 5 = -4 = c1,1 |
a1,2 - b1,2 = 2 - 6 = -4 = c1,2 |
a2,1 - b2,1 = 3 - 7 = -4 = c2,1 |
a2,2 - b2,2 = 4 - 8 = -4 = c2,2 |
Thus, matrix C is:
Matrix multiplication
Scalar multiplication:
Matrices can be multiplied by a scalar value by multiplying each element in the matrix by the scalar. For example, given a matrix A and a scalar c:
The product of c and A is:
Matrix-matrix multiplication:
Multiplying two (or more) matrices is more involved than multiplying by a scalar. In order to multiply two matrices, the number of columns in the first matrix must match the number of rows in the second matrix. For example, you can multiply a 2 × 3 matrix by a 3 × 4 matrix, but not a 2 × 3 matrix by a 4 × 3.
Can be multiplied:
A = | | ; B = | b1,1 | b1,2 | b1,3 | b1,4 | b2,1 | b2,2 | b2,3 | b2,4 | b3,1 | b3,2 | b3,3 | b3,4 |
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Cannot be multiplied:
A = | | ; B = | b1,1 | b1,2 | b1,3 | b2,1 | b2,2 | b2,3 | b3,1 | b3,2 | b3,3 | b4,1 | b4,2 | b4,3 |
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Note that when multiplying matrices, A × B does not necessarily equal B × A. In fact, just because A can be multiplied by B doesn't mean that B can be multiplied by A.
If the matrices are the correct sizes, and can be multiplied, matrices are multiplied by performing what is known as the dot product. The dot product involves multiplying the corresponding elements in the row of the first matrix, by that of the columns of the second matrix, and summing up the result, resulting in a single value. The dot product can only be performed on sequences of equal lengths. This is why the number of columns in the first matrix must match the number of rows of the second.
The dot product then becomes the value in the corresponding row and column of the new matrix, C. For example, from the section above of matrices that can be multiplied, the blue row in A is multiplied by the blue column in B to determine the value in the first column of the first row of matrix C. This is referred to as the dot product of row 1 of A and column 1 of B:
a1,1×b1,1 + a1,2×b2,1 + a1,3×b3,1 = c1,1
The dot product is performed for each row of A and each column of B until all combinations of the two are complete in order to find the value of the corresponding elements in matrix C. For example, when you perform the dot product of row 1 of A and column 1 of B, the result will be c1,1 of matrix C. The dot product of row 1 of A and column 2 of B will be c1,2 of matrix C, and so on, as shown in the example below:
When multiplying two matrices, the resulting matrix will have the same number of rows as the first matrix, in this case A, and the same number of columns as the second matrix, B. Since A is 2 × 3 and B is 3 × 4, C will be a 2 × 4 matrix. The colors here can help determine first, whether two matrices can be multiplied, and second, the dimensions of the resulting matrix. Next, we can determine the element values of C by performing the dot products of each row and column, as shown below:
Below, the calculation of the dot product for each row and column of C is shown:
c1,1 = 1×5 + 2×7 + 1×1 = 20 |
c1,2 = 1×6 + 2×8 + 1×1 = 23 |
c1,3 = 1×1 + 2×1 + 1×1 = 4 |
c1,4 = 1×1 + 2×1 + 1×1 = 4 |
c2,1 = 3×5 + 4×7 + 1×1 = 44 |
c2,2 = 3×6 + 4×8 + 1×1 = 51 |
c2,3 = 3×1 + 4×1 + 1×1 = 8 |
c2,4 = 3×1 + 4×1 + 1×1 = 8 |